Minimally Invasive Surgery (in Mandarin - 微创手术)

微创手术

 

许多结肠和直肠疾病及病症均采用手术治疗方法。外科医生根据患者的具体情况选用传统(开放式)手术方法或微创技术。

 

结肠和直肠传统手术

 

在开腹手术中,外科医生通常会切开一个 6 12 英寸(约 15 30 厘米)长的切口。切口会引起极大不适并延长住院时间。患者身上如有开放切口,恢复日常活动也需要更长的时间。

 

结肠和直肠微创手术

 

微创方法可用于有效治疗各种常见的良性和恶性结直肠疾病。先进的技术避免了采用大切口。腹腔镜手术是一种特殊类型的手术,但该术语通常可用于指代所有微创手术。

 

腹腔镜手术:外科医生会切开几个约半英寸(约 1.3 厘米)长的小口。在腹腔镜手术过程中,将连接着薄金属望远镜(腹腔镜)的镜头放置在一个切口内。利用腹腔镜,外科医生可在手术室监视器上观察腹腔内部情况。通过其他小切口放置小型手术器械,然后进行手术。

 

腹腔镜辅助手术:这种手术主要通过腹腔镜进行,然后通过腹部小切口完成。

 

手助腹腔镜手术:手术过程中,将设备放置在 2 3 英寸(约 5 7.6 厘米)长的切口中。外科医生通过切口插入一只手来辅助进行手术。

 

单切口手术或单孔手术:采用这种方法时,腹腔镜和手术器械都通过一个小切口放入。

 

机器人手术或机器人辅助手术:该方法类似于标准腹腔镜手术,使用这一新技术,外科医生可控制机器人来操作手术器械。

 

微创手术的优点

 

切口比传统手术的切口小很多,因此术后不适通常较少。其他潜在优点包括:

 

  • 缩短住院时间。
  • 减少服用处方止痛药。
  • 更快恢复正常活动。
  • 疤痕不明显。

 

需要注意的是,开放式手术与微创手术的长期疗效是相似的。但是,微创手术在术后早期恢复阶段具有潜在的益处。

 

微创手术的风险

 

微创手术已得到充分研究。其并发症风险与传统开放式手术的风险类似。请务必与结直肠外科医生讨论病情和手术方式的选择。同时,还可以权衡微创手术与传统手术的风险和益处。微创手术并不适用于所有患者或病症。

 

什么情况下可以选择微创手术?

 

大多数传统腹部结肠和直肠手术都可以采用微创方法。多项研究表明,如果手术得当,微创手术是治疗结肠癌的有效方式。在直肠癌治疗方面,微创手术和传统开放式手术的比较研究较少。普遍认为,若由训练有素的外科医生按照公认的癌症手术原则实施手术,那么微创手术可用于直肠癌治疗。

 

以下因素有助于确定是否可以安全有效地实施微创手术。

 

  • 既往手术史。
  • 病史。
  • 疾病特征(如炎症、肿瘤大小)。

 

什么是结直肠外科医生?

 

结直肠外科医生是通过手术和非手术方法治疗结肠、直肠和肛门疾病的专家。他们不仅在此类疾病的治疗方面接受了完善先进的外科手术训练,还受过全面的普通外科手术训练。他们在普通外科和结直肠外科完成了住院医生实习,并通过了美国外科委员会和美国结肠和直肠外科委员会举办的强化测试,才成为具备专科医师资格的结直肠外科医生。无论是良性还是恶性的结肠、直肠和肛门疾病,他们均精通其治疗方法,且能进行常规筛查和手术治疗(如有必要)。

 

 

 



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